Juniperus.

Juniperus bermudiana Linn. Coniferae (Cupressaceae). Bermuda Cedar.

Bermuda Islands. In 1609, Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Sommers were wrecked on the Bermudas and in their account say "we have a kinde of Berne upon the Cedar tree, verie pleasant to eat." In Newes from Barmudas, 1612, it is said, " here are an infinite number of Cedar trees (fairest I think in the world) and those bring forth a verie sweete berrie and wholesome to eat."

Juniperus communis Linn. Juniper.

North temperate and arctic regions. The berries are used by distillers to flavor gin. The ripe berries were formerly used in England as a substitute for pepper. In many parts of Germany, the berries are used as a culinary spice. In Sweden, they are made into a conserve, also prepared in a beverage and in some places are roasted and used as a coffee substitute. In France, a kind of beer called genevrette is made by fermenting a decoction of equal parts of juniper berries and barley. In Germany, juniper is used for flavoring sauerkraut. In Kamaon, India, the berries are added to spirits distilled from barley. In western North America, the berries are an Indian food.

Juniperus drupacea Labill. Habbel. Plum Juniper.

Greece, Asia Minor and Syria. The sweet, edible fruit is highly esteemed throughout the Orient, according to Mueller.

Juniperus occidentalis Hook. California Juniper.

Western North America. The plant bears a large and tuberculated berry, sweet and nutritious, which has, however, a resinous taste. The berries are largely consumed by the Indians of Arizona and New Mexico.

Juniperus pachyphlaea Torr. Sweet-Fruited Juniper.

Mexico. The berries are purplish, globose, half an inch in diameter and have a sweetish and palatable pulp.

Juniperus recurva Buch.-Ham. Drooping Juniper.

Himalayan region. In India, the sprigs are used in the distillation of spirits. The shrub is sacred and the resinous twigs are used for incense. This species is used in India in the preparation of an intoxicating liquor and for making yeast.

Juniperus tetragona Schlecht. Mexican Juniper.

Mexico. The berries are half an inch in diameter, and the Indians are said to use them as food.

Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World, 1919, was edited by U. P. Hedrick.