Betula nigra L. Engl.: river birch, red birch. Bot. syn.: Betula rubra F. Michx.
Classic texts: Rafinesque 1828-1830.
Classic texts: Sturtevant 1919.
Henriette's herbal is one of the oldest and largest herbal medicine sites on the net. It's been online since 1995, and is run by Henriette Kress, a herbalist in Helsinki, Finland.